Ethereum report for message duplicates 2025-06 day 06 #

The following results show measurement data that were collected in calendar week 06 day 06 of 2025 (2025-02-15).

This report provides charts for several metrics for all of Gossipsub’s topics on the Ethereum network. The report focuses primarily on the broadcasting latency and number of duplicates. We’ve produced these reports in collaboration with the Ethereum Foundation using out tool Hermes.

Time distribution of duplicates #

The following line plot displays the number of duplicates received per hour, aggregated in 5 minutes intervals. The graph includes most of the main Ethereum CL gossipsub topics.

Number of duplicates aggregated #

The next plot shows the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the number of duplicates for each received message. Once again, the chart shows the CDF aggregated per topic.

Size of messages per topic #

The following chart shows the CDF distribution of the message size seen by our tooling.

Time between the message arrival and the first duplicate #

The next chart shows the CDF of the elapsed time between the arrival of a message and the arrival of its first duplicate. Once again, the chart aggregates the distributions for each topic.

Correlation between message size and number of duplicates #

Under the same network bandwidth, larger messages take longer to be fully transmitted between peers. Since a peer can only detect a message after downloading it completely, the likelihood of receiving duplicates increases with message size. For reference, check out our ethresear.ch post about message duplicates.

The heatmap below shows the correlation between message size and duplicate count, showing the number of messages per topic aggregated by “message size” and “number of duplicates” ranges.