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Topology

Key metrics on network structure, geographic peer distribution, client diversity, and connection patterns across the Gnosis Consensus Layer discv5 DHT network. All metrics in this section refer to Gnosis CL discv5 DHT Server nodes.

Geographic Distribution

Node IP address to country mapping, based on data sourced from https://ipregistry.co/.

Country Distribution (24h)

Country Distribution (24h)

This world map visualizes the geographic distribution of network nodes based on IP geolocation data. Each country is color-coded according to the number of dialable peers detected in the last 24 hours. This helps assess network decentralization and identifies regions with high node concentration. Note that nodes behind NAT cannot be measured and geographic data may not be fully accurate due to VPNs or proxy usage.

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Geolocation Over Time

DHT Server geolocation per agent version over time

Countries Distribution (24h)

Snapshot of active agents geolocation within the last 24hrs

Agent Version Distributions

Network structure representation through client and agent distribution.

Client Diversity Trend

Client Diversity Trend

Shows the evolution of different user agent types (client software) participating in the network, over time.

Each agent type represents a different implementation and and indicates its relative prevalence within the network for the given reporting period. This chart helps track software diversity, adoption of new client versions, and overall network health, in terms of active nodes in the network.

The Unknown category represents nodes where the agent version could not be retrieved through the libp2p identify protocol. This situation can occur due to various reasons, such as the node terminating the connection before completing the full protocol negotiation.

Client participation over time

Active Agents Distribution (24h)

Snapshot of active agents within the last 24hrs

Agent Versions Trend

Agent version participation over time

Agent Version Distribution (24h)

Snapshot of versions active per agent within the last 24hrs

Protocols & Infrastructure

Key metrics on supported protocols per agent version, as well as intrastructure providers.

Quic Support Over Time

Quic Support Over Time

Tracks the adoption of QUIC protocol support across different client implementations, over time. QUIC provides improved performance, security, and connection reliability compared to traditional TCP. This chart shows which client types support QUIC and how adoption evolves, helping assess the network's transition to more efficient transport protocols.

Count of nodes that support QUIC per agent version

Cloud Provider Dependency Over Time

Count of nodes deployed per cloud provider and per agent

Supported Protocols Over Time

Number of peers supporting the top 40 protocols in the network.

Stale Node Records

This plot depicts the count of node records stored within each node’s routing table and made accessible through the discv5 DHT. These node records serve as a mechanism through which nodes discover new remote nodes in the network.

Stale Records - Mainnet

Stale Records - Mainnet

Ensuring reachability of referenced nodes shared within the network is critical. This plot delineates the occurrences of reachable and non-reachable (stale) node records. Note that nodes running behind a NAT are counted as unreachable even though they may be online. For instance, if a node’s record is present in the routing tables of 100 other nodes and the node is reachable, the plot will reflect an increase of 100 in the online category.

On 2026-01-12, we have changed the deduplication logic when queuing peers to crawl. We crawl the discv5 DHT which indexes Ethereum Node Records. Each record contains a NodeID among other things. Before that date we skipped crawling records whose NodeID we had already seen and crawled before. However, the newly discovered ENR for the same NodeID could in theory contain more up-to-date information about the node's network addresses. Therefore, after that date we started to probe every ENR that we can find even if the we had probed the NodeID before during that same network crawl.

Reachable vs Unreachable DHT Records Over Time

Measurement Tools

Our network monitoring employs advanced crawling and probing tools and techniques to gather comprehensive data about network health, topology, and performance

Our Tools

From rawpixel.com / Freepik

Akai

A libp2p generic DA sampler for the Web3 space
tool-abstract-8

DAS Guardian

A Data Availability Sampling tool to asses Ethereum Node's real custody
tool-abstract-7

Bitswap Sniffer

A CID sniffer for content in IPFS over Bitswap and DHT requests
Freepik

Tiros

A performance measurement tool for Kubo and IPFS-hosted websites.
AI Freepik

Parsec

A DHT and IPNI lookup performance measurement tool.
GarryKillian / Freepik

Ants

A DHT monitoring tool for NAT'd peers.
From GarryKillian / Freepik

Hermes

A lightweight GossipSub tracer.
Abstract Image 6

Nebula

A network agnostic DHT crawler and monitoring tool